{"id":423,"date":"2011-04-28T21:27:20","date_gmt":"2011-04-29T04:27:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/glyphs.webfoot.com\/blog\/?p=423"},"modified":"2018-06-30T14:10:29","modified_gmt":"2018-06-30T21:10:29","slug":"meitei-mayek-1100-ad-india","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/glyphs.webfoot.com\/blog\/2011\/04\/28\/meitei-mayek-1100-ad-india\/","title":{"rendered":"Meitei Mayek &#8212; 1100 AD, India"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"attachment_438\" style=\"width: 110px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/glyphs.webfoot.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/04\/meiteiMayekSa.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-438\" class=\"size-full wp-image-438\" title=\"meiteiMayekSa\" src=\"http:\/\/glyphs.webfoot.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/04\/meiteiMayekSa.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"100\" height=\"94\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-438\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Meitei Mayek &#8220;Sa&#8221;<\/p><\/div>\n<p>The Meitei Mayek script &#8212; also sometimes called Meithei Mayek, Meitei Mayek, or Manipuri &#8212; looks very different from the the Bengali\/Assamese script that is now used in Manipur and its Indian\/Bangladeshi neighbours.\u00a0 It also looks very different from the script used in Mayanmar to the east.<\/p>\n<p>Nobody is really sure how old it is or where it came from (although it is clearly <a href=\"http:\/\/glyphs.webfoot.com\/blog\/2011\/02\/13\/brahmi-400-bc-india\/\">Brahmi<\/a>-derived).\u00a0 It turns out that the Hindus were almost as good as the Spanish conquistadors at erasing a script: when Manipur became Hindu in 1729 AD, almost all of the written works in Meitei Mayek were destroyed.\u00a0 It was revived in the 20th century, although in a simplified form.<\/p>\n<p>Spoken Meitei has comparatively few sounds, so Meitei Mayek has quite a small number of characters.\u00a0 It is unlike most Indic writing systems in several respects:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Meitei Mayek has a few characters that are simple consonants (e.g. &#8220;t&#8221; instead of &#8220;ta&#8221;).\u00a0 These are only used at the ends of words.<\/li>\n<li>It never uses conjuncts to kill vowels.\u00a0 It has three ways to kill consonants:\n<ul>\n<li>with a virama,<\/li>\n<li>with a final-consonant symbol, as described above (only at the end of a word), and<\/li>\n<li>with of three vowel symbols (&#8220;i&#8221;,&#8221;u&#8221;, and (historical Meitei only) &#8220;o&#8221;) at the end of a word.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Its &#8220;independent vowels&#8221; (symbols that represent a vowel by itself, without a preceding consonant) can appear in the middle of a word, not just at the beginning.\u00a0 It is used this way to show diphthongs.\u00a0 (Syloti Nagari, by contrast, has a vowel diacritic for the &#8220;oi&#8221; diphthong that does <em>not<\/em> have an independent vowel form.)<\/li>\n<li>It is permissible to put more than one vowel diacritic onto one glyph to show repetition of related characters.\u00a0 For example, it is normal to write &#8220;pepupo&#8221; as &#8220;pa+&#8221;e&#8221; diacritic, followed by &#8220;pa&#8221; + &#8220;u&#8221; diacritic, followed by &#8220;pa&#8221;+&#8221;o&#8221; diactric.\u00a0 However, it can be abbreviated with &#8220;pa&#8221;+&#8221;e&#8221; diacritic +&#8221;u&#8221; diacritic+&#8221;o&#8221; diacritic.\u00a0 This is similar to Tibetan.<\/li>\n<li>Meitei is a tonal language, and while mostly this not shown in the writing system, the &#8220;u&#8221; and the &#8220;i&#8221; have two different diacritics for two different tones.<\/li>\n<li>Most Indic Brahmi-derived scripts have a different glyph for each independent vowel.\u00a0 Meitei has one character for that means &#8220;this is some independent vowel&#8221;, and you put a diacritic on that glyph to give it the identity of a particular vowel.\u00a0 This is also like Tibetan.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Links: <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Meitei_Mayek_script\">Wikipedia<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/writing\/manipuri.htm\">Omniglot<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ancientscripts.com\/meithei.html\">Ancient Scripts<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/std.dkuug.dk\/jtc1\/sc2\/wg2\/docs\/n3206.pdf\">Unicode proposal<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/tabish.freeshell.org\/eeyek\/\">Tabish<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Meitei Mayek script &#8212; also sometimes called Meithei Mayek, Meitei Mayek, or Manipuri &#8212; looks very different from the the Bengali\/Assamese script that is now used in Manipur and its Indian\/Bangladeshi neighbours.\u00a0 It also looks very different from the &hellip; <a href=\"http:\/\/glyphs.webfoot.com\/blog\/2011\/04\/28\/meitei-mayek-1100-ad-india\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24,28],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-423","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-abugida","category-interesting"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/glyphs.webfoot.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/423","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/glyphs.webfoot.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/glyphs.webfoot.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/glyphs.webfoot.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/glyphs.webfoot.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=423"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/glyphs.webfoot.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/423\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/glyphs.webfoot.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=423"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/glyphs.webfoot.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=423"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/glyphs.webfoot.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=423"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}